EMMA 02

COMX-35

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Sound

The CDP1869 address and sound generator (which is part of the Video Interface System is used for audio. 2 channels are available, one for tone generation with a span of 8 octaves, and 1 for white noise with a span of 8 frequencies. Volume of both channels is programmable independently in 16 steps.

The OUT 4 instruction is used to control the tone generation, note that in this case the CDP1802 address lines are used and NOT the data bus. As such 16 bits are available in one output instruction:

15

14

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

0

Tone

Off

Range

Tone volume

Within each tone frequency range the ‘input frequency’ (see table 1) is divided by the ‘Tone+1’ value, producing up to 128 different frequencies. This frequency is then divided by two providing a square-wave signal that is turned on or off by bit 7. A high on bit 7 turns the tone output off.

Tone frequency range

Input frequency (KHz)

CPU clock divider

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

2,813

0

0

0

5,4941406

512

0

0

1

10,988281

256

0

1

0

21,976563

128

0

1

1

43,953125

64

1

0

0

87,906250

32

1

0

1

175,81250

16

1

1

0

351,62500

8

1

1

1

703,25000

4

Table 1: Tone frequency range selection

The OUT 5 instruction is used to control the noise generation, as for the OUT 4 address lines are used but only bit 8 to 15 are used for noise generation the lower bits are used for video formatting functionality:

15

14

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Off

Range

Noise volume

Video bits...

For noise frequency range eight ranges are available (see table 2). The white noise output is turned on or off by bit 15. A high on bit 15 turns the white noise off.

Noise frequency range

Top of range frequency (Khz)

CPU Clock divider

Bit 14

Bit 13

Bit 12

2,813

0

0

0

0,6867676

4096

0

0

1

1,373535

2048

0

1

0

2,747070

1024

0

1

1

5,494141

512

1

0

0

10,988281

256

1

0

1

21,97656

128

1

1

0

43,95313

64

1

1

1

87,90625

32

Table 2: Noise frequency range selection